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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Taylor-Proudman theorem ： ウィキペディア英語版 Taylor–Proudman theorem In fluid mechanics, the Taylor–Proudman theorem〔The Taylor-Proudman theorem was first derived by Sydney Samuel Hough (1870-1923), a mathematician at Cambridge University. See: 〕 (after G. I. Taylor and Joseph Proudman) states that when a solid body is moved slowly within a fluid that is steadily rotated with a high angular velocity $\backslash Omega$, the fluid velocity will be uniform along any line parallel to the axis of rotation. $\backslash Omega$ must be large compared to the movement of the solid body in order to make the coriolis force large compared to the acceleration terms. That this is so may be seen by considering the Navier–Stokes equations for steady flow, with zero viscosity and a body force corresponding to the Coriolis force, which are: :$$ \rho(\cdot\nabla)=-\nabla p, where $$ is the fluid velocity, $\backslash rho$ is the fluid density, and $p$ the pressure. If we now make the assumption that $F=\backslash nabla\backslash Phi$ is scalar potential and the advective term may be neglected (reasonable if the Rossby number is much less than unity) and that the flow is incompressible (density is constant) then the equations become: :$$ 2\rho\mathbf\Omega\times=\nabla \Phi -\nabla p, where $\backslash Omega$ is the angular velocity vector. If the curl of this equation is taken, the result is the Taylor–Proudman theorem: :$$ (\cdot\nabla)=. To derive this, one needs the vector identities :$\backslash nabla\backslash times(A\backslash times\; B)=A(\backslash nabla\backslash cdot\; B)-(A\backslash cdot\backslash nabla)B+(B\backslash cdot\backslash nabla)A-B(\backslash nabla\backslash cdot\; A)$ and :$\backslash nabla\backslash times(\backslash nabla\; p)=0\backslash$ and :$\backslash nabla\backslash times(\backslash nabla\; \backslash Phi)=0\backslash$ (because the curl of the gradient is always equal to zero). Note that $\backslash nabla\backslash cdot=0$ is also needed (angular velocity is divergence-free). The vector form of the Taylor–Proudman theorem is perhaps better understood by expanding the dot product: :$$ \Omega_x\frac + \Omega_y\frac + \Omega_z\frac=0. Now choose coordinates in which $\backslash Omega\_x=\backslash Omega\_y=0$ and then the equations reduce to :$$ \frac=0, if $\backslash Omega\_z\backslash neq\; 0$. Note that the implication is that ''all three'' components of the velocity vector are uniform along any line parallel to the z-axis. ==Taylor Column== The Taylor column is an imaginary cylinder projected above and below a real cylinder that has been placed parallel to the rotation axis (anywhere in the flow, not necessarily in the center). The flow will curve around the imaginary cylinders just like the real due to the Taylor–Proudman theorem, which states that the flow in a rotating, homogeneous, inviscid fluid are 2-dimensional in the plane orthogonal to the rotation axis and thus there is no variation in the flow along the $\backslash vec$axis, often taken to be the $\backslash hat$ axis. The Taylor column is a simplified, experimentally observed effect of what transpires in the Earth's atmospheres and oceans. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Taylor–Proudman theorem」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.